Theragra chalcogramma - Biological Information System for Marine Life

The body is slender and reaches 80 cm in total length. Three dorsal fins are present, and two anal fins are set at the opposites to the second and third dorsal fins (Senou, 2008). The tip of lower jaw is beyond the tip of upper jaw (Nakabo, 2000). The color is olive green to brown dorsally and often mottled (Cohen et al., 1990). This species is widely distributed in the temperate to boreal North Pacific, from Central California into the Bering Sea, in the Okhotsk Sea, along the Pacific coast of northern Japan and in the Sea of Japan (Cohen et al., 1990; Senou, 2008). The depth range is 0-515 m (Senou, 2008).

Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) of literature

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Carr, S. M. and H. Dawn Marshall (2008) Phylogeographic analysis of complete mtDNA genomes from Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1811) shows an ancient origin of genetic biodiversity: Full-Length Research Article. Mitochondrial DNA, 19(6), 490-496.

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Cohen, D. M., Inada, T., Iwamoto, T. and N. Scialabba (1990) Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. Volume 10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 442 pp.

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Coulson, M. W., Marshall, H. D., Pepin, P. and S. M. Carr (2006) Mitochondrial genomics of gadine fishes: implications for taxonomy and biogeographic origins from whole-genome data sets. Genome, 49(9), 1115-1130.

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Fujikura, K., Okutani, T. and T. Maruyama (2012) Deep-sea life —Biological observations using research submersibles: Second Edition. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, Japan, 487 pp. (in Japanese).

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Motomura, H. (2021) List of Japan's all fish species. Current standard Japanese and scientific names of all fish species recorded from Japanese waters. Online ver. 8. Accessed through: The Kagoshima University Museum HP at https://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/staff/motomura/jaf.html on 2021-04-06 (in Japanese).

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Nakabo, T. (2000) Gadidae. In: Nakabo, T. (ed.), Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, second edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 414, 1493 (in Japanese).

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Pallas, P. (1831) Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica: sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico, et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. Petropoli: In officina Caes. Acadamiae Scientiarum Impress. MDCCCXI, 428 pp.

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